Mujitsu and Tairaku's Shakuhachi BBQ

I know that measurement and systems of tuning go hand in hand, but would it be accurate to say that Towari is more a system of measurement than a tuning? That is, it is more a concern of hole placement, than precisely measured intervals? This question is occasioned by the fact that I have two Towari flutes (1.8 and 2.2) but note that Chi on the latter flute is much sharper than on the other; it seems no effort at all was made to lower the pitch.

Relating to this, was the historical practice generally to correct the pitch while playing, or was the sharp Chi accepted as correct?

Finally, if one were to request a maker to produce a Towari flute, how would one approach that? How is Chi tuned?